HIV Symptoms: How to know when to get HIV test

HIV Symptoms: How to know when to get HIV test

 

I.                     What is HIV?

II.                   Who is at risk for HIV?

III.                 Early Symptoms of HIV

IV.                When to see a doctor?

V.                  Importance of getting tested

VI.                Conclusion – It’s not too late for an HIV test

Have you noticed your immune system weakening lately? You know that you have a healthy body but lately you get sick so easily and you are experiencing muscle and joint pains. What if I tell you that those are signs of viral infection? Once viruses enter the body, it multiplies inside the body’s healthy cells which is why your immune system weakens. Actually, even though you feel fine, your body is still home to the infection. That’s why it’s important for everyone to take good care of themselves. In this article, we’ll discuss one of the dangerous viral infections that you need to protect yourself from, including its initial symptoms for you to know when to get an HIV test.

 

What is HIV?

Human immunodeficiency virus, also known as HIV, targets the immune system of the body. It is a infectious disease that spreads by several ways, including:

 

By having sex – The most common way of HIV transmission is through genital secretions. There’s a high possibility for you to get infected if your infected partner whose body fluid, semen or vaginal discharge enter your body.

 

By sharing needles – The blood of an infected person can also bring harm to you. You run a high risk of contracting HIV and other infectious diseases like hepatitis if you share infected injection needles and syringes.

 

From blood transfusions – HIV can also be transmitted through blood transfusions. That's why it’s important to screen the blood supply for HIV to prevent the disease from being passed to other people.

 

During pregnancy – When an infected woman gets pregnant, she can possibly pass the virus to her baby during her pregnancy. However, she can lower the risk of transmission by getting treatment for the infection.

 

Who is at risk for HIV?

HIV isn’t a disease that you’ll get from aging. Aside from having it caused by a genetic factor, it is a viral infection that you may get unexpectedly. But the most common cause of transmission is through sexual contact so if you’re someone who engages in unprotected sex or has multiple sexual partners, consider yourself as someone who is at risk of contracting the HIV virus. Being sexually active with someone who is HIV-positive makes you a potential HIV carrier too.

 

Early symptoms of HIV

These early symptoms are often referred to as primary HIV infection or acute retroviral syndrome. HIV carriers don't experience the same symptoms. But people who are infected usually experience the following:

• fever

• headache

• muscle aches and joint pain

• sore throats and mouth sores

• skin rash

• night sweats

• swollen lymph nodes

• diarrhea

 

The early symptoms might occur within 2 to 4 weeks of contracting the virus. Your body's immune system fights back at this point. They usually last a week or two before disappearing.

When to see a doctor?

Since HIV signs and symptoms are similar to those of other viral infections, it’s normal for a person to not immediately recognize their HIV infection. And the mere presence of these signs does not necessarily mean you have HIV infection. That’s why it’s important to get tested even if you are symptom-free but believe you may have come into touch with the virus.

 

Early diagnosis is key. You can’t rely on the symptoms alone to know if you have contracted the virus or not. It’s better to seek your health care provider as soon as possible. Isn't it more believable if the doctor will be the one to tell you that you have or haven’t been infected with HIV? If you’re really HIV positive it’ll be good coz you found it out before it gets worse. The sooner you find out your HIV, the sooner you can begin your treatment.

 

Importance of getting tested

HIV is a disease that cannot be cured but with the help of HIV treatment (called antiretroviral therapy or ART), people with HIV can remain healthy for many years. Without treatment, your HIV will get worse over time and eventually weakens the immune system. This leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) which is a life-threatening condition. Seeking medical care right away benefits you and your partner as it prevents the progression of HIV to AIDS. Taking an HIV test also prevents transmission to others through other ways. Once you’re aware that you are HIV positive you’ll probably be more careful about the injections you used and you wouldn’t dare to let other people use it. Same with donating blood of course you shouldn’t do it anymore.

 

In fact, you can take an HIV test even if you don’t have symptoms or you are not exposed to someone who has it. It can be part of your monthly health check-up. It’s one way to take care of yourself especially if you’re sexually active. Do it for yourself. It’s your body and nobody will protect it aside from you. 

It’s not too late for an HIV test

Once HIV has weakened your immune system, you are more likely to have its symptoms that a healthy body wouldn’t be able to resist. It's important to be aware of the early warning signs of HIV transmission so you can start your treatment right away. HIV can be controlled and prevented from progressing to AIDS by early detection and immediate treatment. So if you want to make sure you’re safe from the danger it brings, consult your doctor for an HIV test.

Colorectal Surgeon Singapore

 Headed by proctologist Dr. Eugene Yeo Shen Ann, our colorectal clinic offers treatments for various colorectal conditions such as haemorrhoids, anal fissures, hernias, and colorectal cancer. Our services include gastroscopy, colonoscopy, piles surgery, and anal fistula surgery, among others. Visit our clinic today or call 6518 9838 to schedule an appointment.

Our colorectal clinic, located at Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, specialises in minimally invasive and robotic surgery techniques to treat a wide range of conditions, such as hernias, haemorroids, anal fistulas, anal fissures, and colorectal cancer. We prioritise personalised care and ensure that each patient receives quality treatment tailored to their individual needs. To schedule an appointment with our colorectal surgeon, call 6518 9838.

With more than 17 years of experience, Dr Eugene Yeo Shen Ann is colorectal surgeon in Singapore who specialises in treating various colorectal conditions. Our colorectal clinic performs colonoscopy screening, gastroscopy procedure, anal fistula surgery, piles removal surgery, as well as minimally invasive and robotic colorectal surgery. Visit our colorectal clinic or contact us at 6518 9838 to schedule an appointment today.

Our proctologist, Dr Eugene Yeo Shen Ann, is well-trained to perform laparoscopic surgery and the Da Vinci robotic surgery system, which helps patients recover faster and minimises post-operative discomfort. For more information about our clinic's services, visit our website or call 6518 9838.

Led by Singapore proctologist Eugene Yeo, our clinic provides a comprehensive range of medical and surgical colorectal services, including colorectal surgery, diagnostic colonoscopy procedure, gastroscopy, anal fistula repair surgery and anal fissure treatment. haemorrhoids surgery, and hernia treatments. We offer individualised treatment plans that ensures to yield optimal outcomes. Schedule an appointment with our proctologist today by calling 6518 9838.

With years of clinical experience, our piles surgeon, Dr Eugene Yeo Shen Ann, specialises in providing comprehensive diagnosis and management of haemorrhoids or piles causes. The treatment procedures we provide for both internal and external piles include rubber band ligation, laser treatmentm and piles surgery. For further enquiries or to schedule an appointment, contact our treatment centre at 6518 9838.

Our colorectal clinic offers safe and effective diagnostic colonoscopy services for the early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases. Dr Eugene Yeo ensures patients to receive proper screening preparation and guidance about the colonoscopy procedure and colonoscopy test results. If you have enquiries about our services, please schedule an appointment with our colonoscopy doctor.

https://www.eugeneyeosurgery.sg/

Sports Orthopaedic Clinic Singapore

 Preventing Sports Injuries: Tips from Orthopaedic Experts

Sports, with its inherent vigour and competitiveness, brings joy, camaraderie, and a sense of achievement. However, alongside these triumphs are potential injuries that can sideline athletes. From sprains and strains to more severe fractures, the spectrum of sports injuries is diverse. 

In sports orthopaedics, prevention is not just a strategy; it's a must to ensure a more resilient and enduring journey in the world of sports. Let’s explore proactive strategies that athletes, coaches, and healthcare professionals employ to safeguard against injuries.

Warm-Up and Stretching Protocols

Warming up is essential for injury prevention, preparing the body for activity by gradually increasing heart rate, circulation, and temperature. This primes muscles and joints, reducing the risk of strain. Incorporating dynamic stretches into warm-ups enhances flexibility and range of motion, preventing stiffness and improving muscle function. Focused attention on sport-specific muscle groups targets potential areas of strain, contributing significantly to musculoskeletal health and injury reduction during activity.

Strength and Conditioning Exercises

Strength training plays an important role in injury prevention. It enhances muscle strength, stability, and resilience. It reduces susceptibility to strains and sprains while reinforcing ligament and tendon integrity. This forms a protective barrier, enabling athletes to withstand the physical demands of their sport. 

Conditioning routines are most effective when tailored to the specific demands of each sport. By aligning exercises with the movements and intensities inherent to the activity, athletes can enhance their performance while minimising injury risks. Sport-specific conditioning not only optimises physical capabilities but also hones skills crucial for the particular sport.

Proper Technique and Form

Correct forms ensure that movements are executed in an anatomically sound manner, optimising efficiency while minimising stress on joints and muscles. Coaches and athletes alike prioritise the mastery of precise techniques relevant to their sport. This not only refines performance but also establishes a safeguard against potential injuries that may arise from flawed mechanics.

Seek guidance from coaches, practice consistently, and use video analysis for self-assessment. Incorporate functional strength and flexibility training, stay mentally engaged, and periodically evaluate technique. Furthermore, adequate rest, recovery, and targeted drills contribute to sustained improvement, optimising performance while minimising injury risks.

Protective Gear and Equipment

Essential sports safety gear forms a critical layer of defence against injuries. This gear varies depending on the sport but often includes helmets, pads, mouthguards, and eye protection. Each piece is designed to safeguard specific areas prone to impact or injury during athletic activities. 

Choose gear that fits well, provides adequate coverage, and meets safety standards. Regular equipment checks for wear and tear are essential to ensure continued effectiveness. Additionally, understanding the correct way to wear and use each piece of gear is crucial. 

Sports Nutrition and Hydration

A well-balanced diet provides the necessary nutrients for muscle recovery, tissue repair, and overall physical resilience. Nutrient-rich foods contribute to bone health, immune function, and energy levels, reducing the risk of fatigue-related injuries. Additionally, adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals supports the body's natural ability to repair and defend itself against injuries, promoting long-term athletic health.

Furthermore, athletes must prioritise proper hydration by consuming an adequate amount of fluids before, during, and after training or competition. Integrating electrolytes, especially in prolonged or intense activities, helps maintain fluid balance and reduces the risk of dehydration-related injuries, fostering optimal performance and recovery.

Recovery and Rest

Overuse injuries often result from repetitive stress on muscles and joints without sufficient recovery periods. Incorporating regular rest days into training schedules is vital, allowing tissues to heal and reducing the risk of cumulative strain. Proper sleep is equally crucial, as it plays a central role in hormonal regulation, immune function, and overall physical recovery, contributing significantly to injury prevention.

Effective post-exercise recovery is crucial for injury prevention and optimal performance. This involves proper cool-down routines, stretching, and tools like foam rollers for myofascial release. Nutrition, with protein and carbohydrate-rich post-exercise meals, aids muscle repair and glycogen replenishment. Finally, tailoring recovery to specific needs with professional guidance ensures holistic injury prevention and athletic success.

Regular Check-ups and Assessments

Regular check-ups serve as proactive measures for identifying potential risk factors that may contribute to injuries. These assessments encompass not only orthopaedic evaluations but also general health screenings.

Understanding an athlete's overall health, including factors like bone density, cardiovascular fitness, and nutritional status, enables an orthopaedic surgeon to provide tailored recommendations. By addressing potential risk factors early on, athletes can implement preventive measures, such as targeted exercises, lifestyle adjustments, or specialised training plans, reducing the likelihood of injuries like knee pain and conditions such as plantar fasciitis. This approach ensures a sustainable and resilient athletic journey.

Bottom Line

As athletes navigate the dynamic landscape of sports, it is crucial to recognise that injury prevention is not a passive component but an active and integral part of training. By consistently applying these preventive measures, athletes not only enhance their performance but also foster the longevity of their athletic careers. Embracing a proactive mindset towards injury prevention is a testament to a commitment to sustained well-being and the pursuit of enduring success in sports.

Total Knee Replacement Surgery: Indications and Outcomes

Total knee replacement surgery replaces damaged knee joints with artificial components to alleviate pain and restore function. It is typically recommended for severe knee arthritis or damage.

Understanding the indications and outcomes of total knee replacement surgery is essential for informed decision-making, ensuring appropriate patient selection, realistic expectations, and optimised postoperative care.

Indications for Total Knee Replacement Surgery

Total knee replacement surgery is typically recommended for individuals grappling with debilitating knee conditions such as severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. These conditions often result in excruciating knee pain, significant functional limitations, and a decline in quality of life. 

When conservative treatments like medication, physiotherapy, and injections fail to provide adequate relief, total knee replacement becomes a viable option to alleviate pain and restore mobility.

Who Is A Candidate for Total Knee Replacement?

Determining candidacy for total knee replacement involves a comprehensive evaluation of various factors. Orthopaedic surgeons assess the severity of knee pain, functional impairments, and joint damage evident on diagnostic imaging tests such as X-rays and MRI scans. 

Additionally, the patient's overall health status, including any existing medical conditions, is evaluated to ensure their ability to withstand the surgical procedure and subsequent rehabilitation. Age, lifestyle, and patient preferences are also considered to tailor the treatment plan to the individual's specific needs and goals. This holistic approach aims to optimise surgical outcomes and enhance the patient's postoperative recovery experience.

Preoperative Preparation

Before total knee replacement surgery, patients undergo a comprehensive medical evaluation to assess their suitability for the procedure and identify any underlying health issues. This includes a review of their medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. 

Orthopaedic surgeons discuss potential risks and benefits with patients, informing them about complications such as infection and blood clots, as well as expected outcomes and limitations. This dialogue helps patients make informed decisions and mentally prepare for surgery. Prehabilitation exercises are recommended to strengthen knee muscles, and psychological support may be provided to address any concerns. Overall, thorough preparation enhances surgical outcomes and aids in a smoother recovery.

Surgical Procedure

Total knee replacement surgery involves several steps aimed at replacing the damaged or diseased parts of the knee joint with artificial implants known as prostheses. The procedure typically begins with the orthopaedic surgeon making an incision over the knee joint to access the affected area. The damaged cartilage and bone are then removed, and the surfaces of the joint are prepared to accommodate the prosthetic components. The prostheses are securely implanted into the bone, and the incision is closed with sutures or staples.

Types of Prosthesis

Various types of prostheses are available for total knee replacement surgery. The choice of prosthesis depends on factors such as the patient's age, activity level, and the extent of knee damage. 

• Fixed-bearing implants consist of metal and plastic components that are firmly attached to the bone, providing stability and support to the knee joint. 

• Mobile-bearing implants allow for some degree of movement between the components, mimicking the natural motion of the knee. 

• Partial knee replacements are used when only one part of the knee joint is affected by arthritis, preserving healthy bone and tissue.

Expected Outcomes and Recovery

Total knee replacement surgery provides benefits like pain relief, improved joint function, and enhanced quality of life. Most patients experience reduced knee pain and stiffness post-surgery, leading to easier daily activities. While outcomes vary, the majority report significant improvements in knee function and mobility.

Rehabilitation is vital post-surgery, with physiotherapy helping patients regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Supervised therapy sessions, along with home exercises, aid recovery. Following the surgeon's recommendations on activity modifications, pain management, and wound care is crucial.

Recovery timelines vary based on factors like overall health and extent of knee damage. Patients can typically resume light activities within weeks, progressing gradually. Adherence to rehabilitation and patience are key to achieving successful outcomes and long-term benefits.

Common Complications 

Patients need to discuss these potential complications with their healthcare provider and adhere to postoperative instructions to minimise their risk and optimise recovery. Common complications include:

• Infection: Despite meticulous surgical techniques and preventive measures, there is a risk of developing a surgical site infection. This can lead to pain, swelling, redness, and, in severe cases, may require additional treatment or revision surgery.

• Blood Clots: Reduced mobility after surgery can increase the risk of blood clots forming in the legs, known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can potentially lead to a more serious condition called pulmonary embolism (PE). Preventive measures such as blood thinners and compression stockings are often used to minimise this risk.

• Implant Loosening or Wear: Over time, the artificial components of the knee joint may loosen or wear down, resulting in pain, instability, or decreased range of motion. This may necessitate revision surgery to replace or repair the prosthetic components.

• Nerve or Blood Vessel Damage: During the surgical procedure, nearby nerves or blood vessels may sustain damage, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, weakness, or circulation issues in the affected limb.

• Stiffness or Instability: Some patients may experience stiffness or instability in the knee joint following surgery, which can affect mobility and function. This may be due to factors such as scar tissue formation, improper alignment of the implant, or inadequate rehabilitation.

Minimising Risks and Complications

Strategies for minimising risks and complications in knee replacement surgery involve several approaches aimed at ensuring patient safety and optimising surgical outcomes.

• Preoperative Optimisation: Ensuring patients are in the best possible health before surgery can reduce the risk of complications. This may include managing chronic conditions, optimising nutrition, and addressing any lifestyle factors that may impact recovery.

• Infection Prevention Protocols: Strict adherence to infection prevention protocols, including preoperative antibiotics and meticulous sterile technique during surgery, can help minimise the risk of infection.

• Prophylactic Measures for Blood Clots: Patients may receive prophylactic medications or mechanical devices to prevent blood clots both during and after surgery.

• Surgeon Expertise and Technique: Choosing an experienced surgeon who specialises in knee replacement surgery can reduce the likelihood of surgical errors and complications.

• Comprehensive Rehabilitation: Following a structured rehabilitation program post-surgery can help minimise the risk of stiffness, instability, and other complications by promoting proper healing and restoring mobility.

Long-Term Success and Follow-Up

Monitoring the longevity and function of the knee implant is crucial for ensuring the long-term success of total knee replacement surgery. This involves regular imaging studies, such as X-rays, to assess the integrity and positioning of the implant over time. 

Patients are encouraged to promptly report any changes in symptoms or function to their healthcare provider, allowing for timely intervention if necessary. Additionally, ongoing follow-up appointments with the orthopaedic surgeon are essential. These appointments provide an opportunity to monitor the patient's overall health, evaluate the function of the knee implant, and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan. 

Ongoing communication between the patient and the healthcare team is vital for addressing any issues that may arise and ensuring optimal outcomes in the long term.

Key Takeaways

In conclusion, total knee replacement surgery is a significant procedure aimed at alleviating pain and restoring function for individuals with severe knee arthritis or injury. Understanding the reasons for surgery and its potential outcomes is crucial for patients considering this option. 

Through careful preoperative preparation, the surgical procedure itself, and diligent postoperative care, patients and healthcare providers work together to achieve successful outcomes while minimising risks. Regular follow-up appointments and adherence to rehabilitation protocols are vital for long-term success. Recognising the importance of understanding indications and outcomes empowers patients to make informed decisions about their treatment and pursue improved mobility and quality of life.